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OSX-KVM - March 2021 - Batch Update 1
Changes: - Upgrade to OpenCore 0.6.7-RELEASE - Big Sur image building script updates (Nick) - See https://github.com/kholia/OSX-KVM/pull/169 for details. - Removed history to reduce repository size
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Dhiru Kholia
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README.md
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### Note
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This `README.md` documents the process of creating a `Virtual Hackintosh`
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system.
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Note: All blobs and resources included in this repository are re-derivable (all
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instructions are included!).
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:green_heart: Looking for **commercial** support with this stuff? I am [available
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over email](mailto:dhiru.kholia@gmail.com?subject=[GitHub]%20OSX-KVM%20Commercial%20Support%20Request&body=Hi%20-%20We%20are%20interested%20in%20purchasing%20commercial%20support%20options%20for%20your%20project.) for a chat for **commercial support options only**.
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Working with `Proxmox` and macOS? See [Nick's blog for sure](https://www.nicksherlock.com/).
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Yes, we support offline macOS installations now 🎉
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### Contributing Back
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This project can always use your help, time and attention. I am looking for
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help (pull-requests!) with the following work items:
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* Documentation around running macOS on popular cloud providers (Hetzner, GCP,
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AWS). See the `Is This Legal?` section and associated references.
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* Document (share) how you use this project to build + test open-source
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projects / get your stuff done.
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* Document how to use this project for XNU kernel debugging and development.
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* Document the process to create and reuse VM snapshots. Instantaneous macOS
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boots would be nice this way.
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* Document the process to launch a bunch of headless macOS VMs (build farm).
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* Document usage of [munki](https://github.com/munki/munki) to deploy software
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to such a `build farm`.
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* Enable VNC + SSH support out of the box or more easily.
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* Better support + docs for AMD Ryzen.
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* Robustness improvements are always welcome!
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* (Not so) crazy idea - automate the macOS installation via OpenCV.
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### Requirements
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* A modern Linux distribution. E.g. Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 64-bit or later.
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* QEMU >= 4.2.0
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* A CPU with Intel VT-x / AMD SVM support is required (`egrep '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo`)
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* A CPU with SSE4.1 support is required for >= macOS Sierra
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* A CPU with AVX2 support is required for >= macOS Mojave
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Note: Older AMD CPU(s) are known to be problematic. AMD FX-8350 works but
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Phenom II X3 720 does not. Ryzen processors work just fine.
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### Installation Preparation
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* KVM may need the following tweak on the host machine to work.
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```
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echo 1 | sudo tee /sys/module/kvm/parameters/ignore_msrs
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```
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To make this change permanent, you may use the following command.
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```
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sudo cp kvm.conf /etc/modprobe.d/kvm.conf # for intel boxes
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```
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* Install QEMU and other packages.
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```
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sudo apt-get install qemu uml-utilities virt-manager git \
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wget libguestfs-tools p7zip-full -y
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```
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This step may need to be adapted for your Linux distribution.
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* Clone this repository on your QEMU system. Files from this repository are
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used in the following steps.
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```
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cd ~
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git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/kholia/OSX-KVM.git
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cd OSX-KVM
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```
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* Fetch macOS installer.
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```
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./fetch-macOS-v2.py
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```
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ATTENTION: Installing `Big Sur` is NOT recommended at this time, unless you
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are a Hackintosh developer! Let the `Big Sur` setup sit at the `Country
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Selection` screen and other similar places for a while ;)
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You can choose your desired macOS version here. After executing this step,
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you should have the `BaseSystem.dmg` file in the current folder.
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Sample run:
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```
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$ ./fetch-macOS-v2.py
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1. High Sierra (10.13)
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2. Mojave (10.14)
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3. Catalina (10.15) - RECOMMENDED
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4. Latest (Big Sur - 11)
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Choose a product to download (1-4): 3
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```
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Note: Modern NVIDIA GPUs are supported on HighSierra but not on later
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versions.
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* Convert the downloaded `BaseSystem.dmg` file into the `BaseSystem.img` file.
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```
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qemu-img convert BaseSystem.dmg -O raw BaseSystem.img
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```
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* Create a virtual HDD image where macOS will be installed. If you change the
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name of the disk image from `mac_hdd.img` to something else, the boot scripts
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will need to be updated to point to the new image name.
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```
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qemu-img create -f qcow2 mac_hdd_ng.img 128G
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```
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NOTE: Create this HDD image file on a fast SSD/NVMe disk for best results.
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* Now you are ready to install macOS 🚀
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### Installation
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- CLI method (primary). Just run the `OpenCore-Boot.sh` script to start the
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installation process.
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```
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./OpenCore-Boot.sh
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```
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Note: This same script works for Big Sur, Catalina, Mojave, and High Sierra.
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- You are all set! 🙌
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- (OPTIONAL) Use this macOS VM disk with libvirt (virt-manager / virsh stuff).
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- Edit `macOS-libvirt-Catalina.xml` file and change the various file paths (search
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for `CHANGEME` strings in that file). The following command should do the
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trick usually.
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```
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sed "s/CHANGEME/$USER/g" macOS-libvirt-Catalina.xml > macOS.xml
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virt-xml-validate macOS.xml
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```
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- Create a VM by running the following command.
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```bash
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virsh --connect qemu:///system define macOS.xml
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```
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- Launch `virt-manager` and start the `macOS` virtual machine.
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Note: You may need to run `sudo ip link delete tap0` command before
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`virt-manager` is able to start the `macOS` VM.
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### Setting Expectations Right
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Nice job on setting up a `Virtual Hackintosh` system! Such a system can be used
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for a variety of purposes (e.g. software builds, testing, reversing work), and
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it may be all you need, along with some tweaks documented in this repository.
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However, such a system lacks graphical acceleration, a reliable sound sub-system,
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USB (3) functionality and other similar things. To enable these things, take a
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look at our [notes](notes.md). We would like to resume our testing and
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documentation work around this area. Please [reach out to us](mailto:dhiru.kholia@gmail.com?subject=[GitHub]%20OSX-KVM%20Funding%20Support)
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if you are able to fund this area of work.
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It is possible to have 'beyond-native-apple-hw' performance but it does require
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work, patience, and a bit of luck (perhaps?).
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### Post-Installation
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* See [networking notes](networking-qemu-kvm-howto.txt) to setup guest networking.
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I have the following commands present in `/etc/rc.local`.
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```
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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sudo ip tuntap add dev tap0 mode tap
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sudo ip link set tap0 up promisc on
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sudo ip link set dev virbr0 up
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sudo ip link set dev tap0 master virbr0
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```
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This has been enough for me so far.
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Note: You may need to [enable the `rc.local` functionality manually on modern Ubuntu versions](https://linuxmedium.com/how-to-enable-etc-rc-local-with-systemd-on-ubuntu-20-04/).
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* To passthrough GPUs and other devices, see [these notes](notes.md).
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* Need a different resolution? Check out the [notes](notes.md) included in this repository.
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* To generate your own SMBIOS, use [GenSMBIOS](https://github.com/corpnewt/GenSMBIOS).
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### Is This Legal?
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The "secret" Apple OSK string is widely available on the Internet. It is also included in a public court document [available here](http://www.rcfp.org/sites/default/files/docs/20120105_202426_apple_sealing.pdf). I am not a lawyer but it seems that Apple's attempt(s) to get the OSK string treated as a trade secret did not work out. Due to these reasons, the OSK string is freely included in this repository.
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Please review the ['Legality of Hackintoshing' documentation bits from Dortania's OpenCore Install Guide](https://dortania.github.io/OpenCore-Install-Guide/why-oc.html#legality-of-hackintoshing).
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Gabriel Somlo also has [some thoughts](http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~somlo/OSXKVM/) on the legal aspects involved in running macOS under QEMU/KVM.
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You may also find [this 'Announcing Amazon EC2 Mac instances for macOS' article](https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2020/11/announcing-amazon-ec2-mac-instances-for-macos/
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) interesting.
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### Motivation
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My aim is to enable macOS based educational tasks, builds + testing, kernel
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debugging, reversing, and macOS security research in an easy, reproducible
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manner without getting 'invested' in Apple's closed ecosystem (too heavily).
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These `Virtual Hackintosh` systems are not intended to replace the genuine
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physical macOS systems.
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Personally speaking, this repository has been a way for me to 'exit' the Apple
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ecosystem. It has helped me to test and compare the interoperability of `Canon
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CanoScan LiDE 120` scanner, and `Brother HL-2250DN` laser printer. And these
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devices now work decently enough on modern versions of Ubuntu (Yay for free
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software). Also, a long time back, I had to completely wipe my (then) brand new
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`MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Late 2013)` and install Xubuntu on it - as the
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`OS X` kernel kept crashing on it!
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Backstory: I was a (poor) student in Canada in a previous life and Apple made [my work on cracking Apple Keychains](https://github.com/openwall/john/blob/bleeding-jumbo/src/keychain_fmt_plug.c) a lot harder than it needed to be. This is how I got interested in Hackintosh systems.
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